This dataset contains the dissolution and preservation proxy values calculated from analyzing whole and fragmented planktonic foraminifera test sizes in 62 core-top samples in the tropical Indian Ocean. These core-top samples were collected during expeditions on the RV Marion Dufresne and RV Baruna Jaya 1 and archived in the repositories at the Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement de Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE, France) and Laboratoires des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE, France). The water depth of the core-top samples ranged between 364 m and 4425 m. The test size measurements were acquired using a state-of-the-art automated machine (MiSo). In addition, for each core-top sample, In addition, for each core top sample, foraminifera size and oceanographic metadata are also included in this dataset.