(2022). High-frequency sensor data from a mesocosm experiment testing the effects of marine heatwaves of various intensities on a plankton community from the Gulf of Finland. SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/99869
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High-frequency sensor data from a mesocosm experiment testing the effects of marine heatwaves of various intensities on a plankton community from the Gulf of Finland
Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of marine heatwaves, potentially having drastic consequences on coastal environments. To assess how heatwaves of various intensities affect plankton communities in the Baltic Sea, an indoor mesocosm experiment was conducted with natural plankton communities sampled in the water column of the Gulf of Finland (N 59.91687, E 25.03022, max 82 m). Mesocosms were subjected to four different temperature levels: in situ Gulf of Finland water temperature at the moment of the experiment (16°C, control), and three levels of heatwaves: a mild (+2°C, 18°C), a moderate (+4°C, 20°C) and an extreme (+6°C, 22°C) heatwave. High-frequency monitoring from automated sensors immersed in the mesocosms was used to measure temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a concentration. The sensors were immersed at a depth of 1m inside each mesocosm, and made one measurement every minute during 10 days (from August 22nd to September 2nd, 2022).
Disciplines
Biological oceanography, Environment
Keywords
mesocosm experiment, high-frequency data, plankton, heatwave, Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Location
59.91687N, 59.91687S, 25.03022E, 25.03022W
Devices
Devices
Four mesocosms units were used for the study, numbered 9 (18°C), 10 (22°C), 11 (16°C), and 12 (20°C).
High-frequency sensor measurements:
-Chlorophyll-a fluorescence: ECO-FLNTU, Sea-Bird Scientific. Columns ‘Chla_9’ to ‘Chla_12’
Before the experiment, sensors were calibrated with a Nannochloropsis oculata monoculture and five concentration points, ranging from 0 to 16.56 µg L-1. These reference concentrations were measured with a spectrofluorometer (FL6500, Perkins Elmer) and the method of Ritchie (2006). After the experiment, the sensor Chlorophyll-a fluorescence data was corrected with Chlorophyll-a concentrations measured seven times during the experiment and in each mesocosm using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC, Shimadzu) following the method of Zapata et al. (2000).
-Dissolved oxygen: Aanderaa 3835. Columns ‘O2_9’ to ‘O2_12’
Before the experiment, sensors were calibrated with 0%, 50%, and 100% saturation points. The 0% and 50% saturation points were reached by adding potassium metabisulfite into distilled water, and the 100% saturation point was obtained by gently bubbling air into the distilled water. After the experiment, the sensor data were corrected for temperature and salinity following the procedure detailed in Bittig et al. (2018), data were also corrected with dissolved oxygen concentrations measured seven times during the experiment and in each mesocosm using the Winkler technique (Carrritt and Carpenter, 1966; Soulié et al., 2021).
-Water temperature: Obtained from the Aanderaa 3835 oxygen optodes. Columns ‘Temp_9’ to ‘Temp_12’
-Salinity: Aanderaa 4319. Columns ‘Sal_9’ to ‘Sal_12’
Before the experiment, sensors were calibrated with freshwater (salinity 0) and a 50 salinity point which was reached by adding sodium chloride into freshwater at a concentration of 50 g L-1.
- Dissolved oxygen: Aqualabo OPTOD. Columns ‘LC_9’ to ‘LC_12’
A calibration procedure similar to the one performed for the Aanderaa 3835 optode was done for the Aqualabo OPTOD. Before the experiment, sensors were calibrated with a 0%, 50%, and 100% saturation points. The 0% and 50% saturation points were reached by adding potassium metabisulfite into distilled water, and the 100% saturation point was obtained by gently bubbling air into the distilled water. After the experiment, the sensor data were corrected for temperature and salinity following the procedure detailed in Bittig et al. (2018), data were also corrected with dissolved oxygen concentrations measured seven times during the experiment and in each mesocosm using the Winkler technique (Carrritt and Carpenter, 1966; Soulié et al., 2021).
References
Bittig, H. C., Körtzinger, A., Neill, C., Van Ooijen, E., Plant, J. N., Hahn, J., et al.: Oxygen optode sensors: principle, characterization, calibration, and application in the Ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. 4:429. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00429, 2018.
Carritt, D. E., and Carpenter, J. H.: Comparison and evaluation of currently employed modifications of the Winkler method for determining dissolved oxygen in seawater; a NASCO report. J. Mar. Res. 24(3). https:// elischolar.library.yale.edu/journal_of_marine_research/1077, 1966.
Ritchie, R. J.: Consistent sets of spectrophotometry chlorophyll equations for acetone, methanol, and ethanol solvents. Photosynth. Res. 89: 27-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-006-9065-9, 2006.
Soulié, T., Mas, S., Parin, D., Vidussi, F., and Mostajir, B.: A new method to estimate planktonic oxygen metabolism using high-frequency sensor measurements in mesocosm experiments and considering daytime and nighttime respirations. Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods 19:303-316. https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10424, 2021.
Zapata, M., Rodriguez, F., and Garrido, J. L.: Separation of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton: a new HPLC method using a reversed phase C8 column and pyridine-containing mobile phases. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 195: 29-45, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps195029, 2000.
Data
| File | Size | Format | Processing | Access | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sensor measurements in the mesocosms during the entire experiment | 3 Mo | CSV | Quality controlled data |
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